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This paper describes the results of detailed surveys for the landscape systems (landforms, vegetation, topsoils and snow cover duration) of a nivation hollow in northern Japan and discusses their evolution in the Holocene epoch. The nivation hollow studied consists of three concentric zones whose landscapes and historical development are different. The outermost zone where snow disappears early is...
This study is the first large scale examination of the stratigraphic relationships of acid sulfate soils in Australia. Field and laboratory data from 346 excavated acid sulfate soil profiles for an extensive soil survey undertaken to map their extent were classified into non acid sulfate soil (NASS), potential acid sulfate soil (PASS), and actual acid sulfate soil (AASS) layers, and the elevation...
Both mature and underdeveloped soils are present in tropical mountainous landscapes. The spatial arrangement of mountainous soils is ascribed mainly to geomorphologic processes. We studied two soil toposequences (one on a convex, and the other on a concave slope with a gradient 40–60%) at the coffee-growing farm La Cabaña, situated in the mountains of the Sierra Madre del Sur, southern Mexico. Mature...
The waste products of stone tool making and isolated artifacts found on land surfaces can illuminate aspects of human culture and of landscape evolution even though they lack stratigraphic context. Quartzite artifacts and debris occurring on pediments near Pinedale (Wyoming) include cobbles from which multiple flakes have been removed by percussion. Some of the specimens have been polished and abraded...
An experiment has been carried out in order to both measure the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of a soil crust when it is developing and to characterize its macro- and microstructural evolution. Five stages of a structural crust developing in a loamy clay soil have been identified. Mercury intrusion experiments and micromorphological descriptions have provided information on the structural evolution...
A simplified theoretical model of storm runoff has been combined with analysis of rainfall records to improve understanding of dryland runoff processes in the Guadalentin catchment of SE Spain, and in particular the decrease in runoff fraction with increasing slope length or catchment area.Estimates of storm runoff volumes can be made using a simple runoff threshold, SCS Curve Numbers, or infiltration...
This paper gives a brief synthesis of the information obtainable from remote-sensing data and how it can be related to two significant functions of catchment hydrology, namely, the processes of production and transfer. After presenting examples of the type of information that can be derived from remote sensing (characterisation of soil surface by different wavelengths, temporal changes of surface...
Spatially distributed hydrological modelling is required to understand and predict erosion, flooding and pollution risks that affect the vine cultivated Mediterranean environment. Previous field studies have demonstrated the dominant influence of soil surface features on overland flow and they therefore constitute an essential input to the hydrological model. In this paper we propose a remote sensing...
Surface depression storage is an important factor in preventing runoff and erosion in agricultural fields. Furthermore it is a highly dynamic property throughout the growing season. Maximum depression storage (MDS) is generally estimated from roughness indices derived from 2D transects, but these MDS estimations have a high uncertainty. The most reliable way of estimating MDS is by simulating the...
Extensive soil surface observations and measurements were conducted in Normandy on loess soils prone to surface crusting in order to understand the spatial distribution and temporal variability of soil surface characteristics involved in erosion processes. A database composed of more than 5000 soil surface observations at the field or plot scale was analysed. We classified these observations according...
Water erosion of cropland constitutes an issue for natural environments along runoff flowpaths due to property damage by soil-laden water and the associated transfer of nutrients and pesticides. In the Pays de Caux region of northwestern France, the silty soils with crusting properties induce a high risk of runoff and erosion. Changes in agricultural practices, land use and landscape patterns appear...
Crop residues are efficient in reducing erosion and surface water runoff on agricultural soils. Evaluating the crop residue cover fraction and its spatial distribution is important to scientists involved in the modelling of soil erosion and surface runoff, and also to authorities wishing to assess soil conservation adoption by farmers. This study focuses on the evaluation of four remote sensing techniques...
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